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Evaluation of children with fecal incontinence.
Damková, Adéla ; Lepšíková, Magdaléna (advisor) ; Havlíčková, Michaela (referee)
The bachelor's thesis on the possibilities of objective examination of children with fecal incontinence is presented in the form of a review with case studies. The introductory theoretical part is devoted to the basic anatomical knowledge of the pelvic floor, the physiology of the defecation process, micturition, and the mechanism of fecal incontinence, as well as the often associated urinary incontinence. Furthermore, the causes of fecal incontinence with regard to the pediatric population are mentioned. The special section includes methods of evaluation and examination of fecal incontinence used in pediatric patients, and last but not least, the issue of biofeedback as a therapy aimed at strengthening the pelvic floor muscles is presented. The practical part of the thesis includes two case studies of patients, which include an initial kinesiological examination, therapy description, and photo documentation.
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The effect of body position on pressure in anus during relaxation and contraction of the pelvic floor muscles. Pilot manometric study
Burianová, Eliška ; Havlíčková, Michaela (advisor) ; Ježková, Martina (referee)
This Research thesis is focused on the influence of body position on the function of pelvic floor muscles (PFM). Anatomical structures, kinesiology and neurophysiology of the PFM are described in the theoretical part of this thesis. It also discusses the methodology used for objective evaluation of the PFM. For the practical part of this thesis, 30 healthy subjects (aged 20 - 30 years, 15 male, 15 female) where chosen via a questionnaire. The subjects were examined via the method of anorectal manometry. The goal of the examination was to measure the distribution of a) resting pressure in the anal canal in selected positions, b) pressure during voluntary maximal contraction of PFM and sphincters in selected positions, c) pressure during 20 seconds of voluntary contraction. Selected positions are: lying on the back; lying on the back with legs elevated and held in "three flexion"; kneeling on all fours with palm support; kneeling on all fours with elbow support; squatting, and standing. Results: a) The resting pressure is influenced by the body position. Highest resting pressure was observed in squatting and standing positions, lowest resting pressure was measured on subjects while kneeling on all fours with elbow support. No significant difference was observed between male and female subjects in...
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Expansion of the abdominal wall as a consequence of intrabdominal pressure
Podskalská, Patricie ; Novák, Jakub (advisor) ; Kobesová, Alena (referee)
The thesis examines the relationship between the level of intra-abdominal pressure and abdominal wall expansion. The theoretical part brings an overview of knowledge about the function of intra-abdominal pressure and about the possibilities of objectification of postural functions. There are described studies which dealt with the influence of intra-abdominal pressure on the stability of spine. Theoretical part also includes detailed description of individual invasive and non-invasive methods of measurement of intra-abdominal pressure and activation of abdominal muscles. Work methodology: In the practical part the intra-abdominal pressure was measured using anorectal manometry and abdominal wall expansion by utilizing DNS brace device. 31 healthy examinees with average age of 26.77 (SD 3.01) were measured in five different standing postural situations: during resting breathing, Valsalva Maneuver, Müller's maneuver, diaphragm test and in the situation with added external load in the form of static holding of dumbbell. Results of the thesis: Among the values of the pressure gathered from the DNS brace device and from anorectal manometry was proven statistically important correlation (p < 0.001) in all five tested situations. In all situations the Pearson Correlation Coefficient was higher than 0.6...
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The effect of body position on pressure in anus during relaxation and contraction of the pelvic floor muscles. Pilot manometric study
Burianová, Eliška ; Havlíčková, Michaela (advisor) ; Ježková, Martina (referee)
This Research thesis is focused on the influence of body position on the function of pelvic floor muscles (PFM). Anatomical structures, kinesiology and neurophysiology of the PFM are described in the theoretical part of this thesis. It also discusses the methodology used for objective evaluation of the PFM. For the practical part of this thesis, 30 healthy subjects (aged 20 - 30 years, 15 male, 15 female) where chosen via a questionnaire. The subjects were examined via the method of anorectal manometry. The goal of the examination was to measure the distribution of a) resting pressure in the anal canal in selected positions, b) pressure during voluntary maximal contraction of PFM and sphincters in selected positions, c) pressure during 20 seconds of voluntary contraction. Selected positions are: lying on the back; lying on the back with legs elevated and held in "three flexion"; kneeling on all fours with palm support; kneeling on all fours with elbow support; squatting, and standing. Results: a) The resting pressure is influenced by the body position. Highest resting pressure was observed in squatting and standing positions, lowest resting pressure was measured on subjects while kneeling on all fours with elbow support. No significant difference was observed between male and female subjects in...
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